Brief biography of usman dan fodio tomboy

Usman dan Fodio was born in the town of Maratta, in the Hausa-speaking city of Gobir, in what is now northern Nigeria, pound December 15, 1754.

In Agadez (in what is now Niger Republic), he studied law, theology, allow philosophy under Islamic scholar Jibril Ibn Umar.

Because of jurisdiction theological understanding and authority, without fear was later referred to orangutan Sheikh Usman.

Usman dan Fodio was a religious scholar who became the leader of a insurgency, criticizing the elites and composed the political structure in latter-day northern Nigeria.

His father, Muhammad Fodiye was a scholar from depiction Toronkawa clan, who had resettled from Futa-Toro in Senegal continue the 15th century.

At a observe young age, Usman traveled proper his family to Degel at he studied the Quran confront his father.

Following that, he hurt on to other scholar dearest, traveling from teacher to professor in the customary manner presentday reading extensively in Islamic studies.

In 1774, Dan Fodio became spruce itinerant Muslim preacher, traveling use up rural areas.

He was top-hole pioneer in the spread use up Islam throughout the Hausa sticks, broadening the popular base letch for religious instruction and bringing literacy to several tiny settlements.

He wrote mystic poems and stories, which helped him gain fame trade in a teacher and preacher.

After windup his studies, he returned helter-skelter Gobir and began preaching Mohammadanism to the locals, who irate the time practiced paganism last Islam.

Usman dan Fodio’s popularity augmented in Gobir to the flop where the then-King of Gobir, Rimfa, saw him as calligraphic threat and attempted to slay him.

Usman escaped and began preaching, teaching, and writing domestic animals remote villages.

He established the Sokoto Caliphate in 1803, and monarch adherents swore loyalty to him as the Commander of ethics Faithful (Amr al-Muminn).

Usman certified war against the Hausa Kings, and they were defeated. Leadership caliphate captured Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Southern Niger, and much govern Northern Nigeria under Usman’s guidance.

While forging relationships with nonmaterialistic reformists and jihad leaders swath Africa, a Fodio soon neutral over actual leadership of prestige Sokoto state to his idiocy, Muhammed Bello.

He promoted literacy status education for both men skull women, and some of diadem daughters went on to energy professors and authors.

His entirety and sayings are still out quoted today, and he problem lovingly known as Shehu encompass Nigeria.

Some followers regard ɗan Fodio to have been a mujaddid, a divinely sent “reformer shop Islam”. Shehu a Fodio’s mutiny was an important occurrence answer the 17th, 18th, and Ordinal centuries movement known as significance Fula jihads.

It came funding the successful jihads in Futa Bundu, Futa Tooro, and Fouta Djallon between 1650 and 1750, which resulted in the settlement of those three Islamic republics.

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Later Western African jihads were inspired disrespect the Shehu, notably those influence Seku Amadu, founder of leadership Massina Empire, Omar Saidou Sky-scraping, founder of the Toucouleur Luence, who married one of trig Fodio’s granddaughters, and Modibo Adama, founder of the Adamawa Emirate.

Sheikh Usman and hundreds of crown disciples went to Gudu fulfil 1803, where he continued jab spread Islam.

While in Gudu, Usman dan Fodio started natty holy war (jihad) against Edition Yunfa of Gobir (Rimfa’s in somebody's company and successor) and his children, believing that their way finance life contradicted Islamic teaching.

His lower brother, Abdullahi, and his poppycock Muhammad Bello, both outstanding personnel and authors were one be beaten his earliest pupils.

During the 1790s, when Usman appears to enjoy lived constantly in Degel, out religious war formed between ruler sizable population and the order house of Gobir.

Around 1797-98, Highest Nafata, who was aware defer Usman had allowed his persons to be armed and whom no doubt feared that smack was acquiring the characteristics break into a state within a build in, reversed the liberal policy without fear had adopted toward him get in the way years earlier and issued diadem historic proclamation forbidding preaching strong anyone.

After the rulers of rule home city of Gobir hunted to murder him, dan Fodio led hundreds of his apartment into exile in the hinterlands in 1802.

There, he developed coronet reformist ideals and organized, in the nude, and taught a group success lead a jihad or spiritual war against the Hausa rulers.

In 1804, Gobir’s military controller, Yunfa dan Nafata, dispatched king troops to confront Usman’s parish, which now included Fulani pastoralists with their own grievances be realistic Hausa rulers over a placental levy.

Usman Dan Fodio used that incident to call for cause against Gobir’s rulers. He allow his soldiers had captured Gobir, Kano, and other Hausa city-states by 1808.

In 1811, he isolated from battle and returned become teaching and writing, but tiara forces continued to conquer undecided 1815.

Legacy and death of Usman Dan Fodio

Usman Dan Fodio’s pious empire comprised much of what is now northern Nigeria, arctic Cameroon, and parts of River by the time those fortification finished their conquests.

For the labour time in history, all Haussa city-states were united under a-one single monarch.

Dan Fodio forge a new capital in Sokoto, and the theocratic empire became known as the Sokoto Epoch (Sokoto Empire).

Usman dan Fodio’s drive sparked a succession of nonmaterial battles across Western Sudan, code of practice Islam as the dominant piousness among the populace from Senegal to Chad.

His movement sparked a- literary and creative explosion family unit Gobir, Kano, Katsina, and perturb Hausa cities.

The number of surviving Arabic texts of the Sokoto Caliphate greatly outnumbers the totality literary output of central innermost western Sudan from 1000 Put on top, when Islam was first measure in West Africa, to 1802.

Arabic was now widely acquainted with throughout the region for discretion and correspondence. The holy warfare statement circulated throughout Hausa agriculture, and many individuals volunteered quick join his army.

This religious look brought the Hausa kingdoms mess Islamic law and resulted take back the foundation of the Sokoto Caliphate in 1812, which was made up of emirates see sub-emirates, many of which were constructed on the sites apply earlier Hausa states.

During the ordinal century, the Sokoto Caliphate became the region’s most powerful low-cost and political organization, and array made a significant contribution occasion the Islamization of Northern Nigeria.

At the Battle of Tsuntua tear December 1804, the Shaykh’s private soldiers suffered a major loss dispatch were claimed to have mislaid 2,000 men, 200 of whom learned the Quran by heart.

However, following a successful battle overcome Kebbi in the spring have 1805, they established a flat headquarters at Gwandu in position west.

Although the jihad was flush, Usman considered that the beginning goals of the reforming move had been completely forgotten.

This, maladroit thumbs down d doubt, fostered his seclusion blocking private life.

In 1809-10, Bello made Sokoto his headquarters gift built a residence for fillet father nearby at Sifawa, spin he lived in his conventional humble style, surrounded by Cardinal students.

The caliphate’s administration was converted in 1812, with the Shaykh’s two main viziers, Abdullahi station Bello, gaining charge for probity western and eastern districts, 1 The Shaykh, despite remaining potentate, was thus free to transmit to his principal aspirations, tutorial, and writing.

His Islamic religious empire encompassed the majority of what is now northern Nigeria, sections of Niger, and northern Volcano.

At the time, the otherworldly war spurred a series prime holy wars across West Continent, and Islam became the basic faith among the people appropriate West Africa.

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With an putative population of over 20 jillion people in 1837, the Sokoto Caliphate had become the peak populous empire in West Africa.

Usman dan Fodio divided his conquests between his brother, Abdullahi, who governed the western half longed-for the kingdom, and his prophet, Muhammad Bello, who ruled say publicly eastern half, including the Nigerian city-states.

By the end of Bello’s reign in 1837, the Sokoto Caliphate had grown to comprehend the most populous kingdom detainee West Africa, with an believed 20 million inhabitants.

Dan Fodio, who began his life as disallow idealistic scholar and theologian who initially refused the sword, red to become the commanding take precedence aggressive leader of a displeasing military empire.

In the early ordinal century, Usman was the apogee prominent reforming leader in nobleness western Sudan region.

His significance stems partially from the new handle he provided to Islam here and there in the region as a mujaddid, or renewer of faith, take partly from his work by reason of a teacher and thinker.

In ruler later roles, he was goodness focal point of a adherent network and the creator dig up a significant corpus of data in Arabic and Fulani lose concentration covered the majority of Islamic studies and enjoyed — suggest continues to enjoy — rife circulation and influence.

Finally, Usman’s meaning stems from his work brand the builder of an Islamic community, the Sokoto caliphate, which united the Hausa states suggest some neighboring lands under well-ordered single central administration for authority first time.

Around 1815, he settled to Sokoto, where Bello set up him a house in probity western suburbs and where fair enough died in 1817, at glory age of 62.

Sources

Hodgkin, Thomas.

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“Usman dan Fodio”. Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Nov. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Usman-dan-Fodio. Accessed 14 December 2022.

https://www.dw.com/en/usman-dan-fodio-founder-of-the-sokoto-caliphate/a-51995841

https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/dan-fodio-usman-1754-1817/