Lemony snicket biography of his life

(Daniel Handler)

Personal

Born Judge Handler, February 28, 1970, efficient San Francisco, CA; married Lisa Brown (an art director); children: Otto. Education: Wesleyan University, tag, 1992.

Addresses

Home—San Francisco, CA. [email protected].

Career

Author, versifier, and "studied expert in florid analysis." Comedy writer, The Bedsit of Blues Radio Hour, San Francisco, CA; freelance book predominant movie reviewer.

Awards, Honors

Academy of Indweller Poets Prize, 1990; Olin association, 1992; Quill Award, 2006, dilemma The Penultimate Peril.

Writings

FOR CHILDREN; "A SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE EVENTS" SERIES

The Bad Beginning (also see below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 1999.

The Room (also see below), graphic by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 1999.

The Wide Window (also see below), illustrated do without Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New Dynasty, NY), 2000.

The Miserable Mill (also see below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2000.

The Austere Academy (also respect below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2000.

A Box of Unfortunate Events: Illustriousness Trouble Begins (contains The Rumbling Beginning, The Reptile Room, status The Wide Window), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2001.

The Ersatz Elevator (also see below), illustrated make wet Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New Royalty, NY), 2001.

The Vile Village (also see below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2001.

The Hostile Hospital (also examine below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2001.

A Box of Unfortunate Events: Glory Situation Worsens (contains The Futile Mill, The Austere Academy, contemporary The Ersatz Elevator), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2002.

The Carnivorous Carnival (also see below), illustrated in and out of Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New Royalty, NY), 2002.

A Box of Cursed Events: The Dilemma Deepens (contains The Vile Village, The Anti Hospital, and The Carnivorous Carnival), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2003.

The Slippery Slope (also see below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2003.

The Uncompromising Grotto (also see below), pictorial by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2004.

A Box capture Unfortunate Events: The Ominous Omnibus (contains The Bad Beginning, Integrity Reptile Room, and The Yawning Window), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2005.

The Penultimate Peril (also esteem below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2005.

A Box of Unfortunate Events: Nobleness Loathsome Library (contains The Defective Beginning, The Reptile Room, Excellence Wide Window, The Miserable Plant, The Austere Academy, and The Ersatz Elevator), HarperCollins (New Royalty, NY), 2005.

A Box of Irritating Events: The Gloom Looms (contains The Grim Grotto, The Icy Slope, and The Penultimate Peril), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2005.

The End (also see below), clear by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2006.

The Complete Wreck (omnibus), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2006.

The Beatrice Letters, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2006.

Author's work (under Snicket pseudonym) has been promulgated in Germany, Italy, Norway, Yisrael, Japan, and Denmark.

FOR ADULTS; Botched job NAME DANIEL HANDLER

The Basic Eight, St.

Martin's Press (New Dynasty, NY), 1999.

Watch Your Mouth, Transport. Martin's Press (New York, NY), 2000.

Adverbs, Ecco (New York, NY), 2006.

OTHER

Lemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography, HarperTrophy (New York, NY), 2002.

(Author of introduction) Dino Buzzati, The Bears' Famous Invasion of Sicily, HarperTrophy, 2005.

The Puzzling Puzzles: Niggling Games Which Will Bother Several People (activity book), HarperTrophy (New York, NY), 2006.

The Notorious Notations (blank journal), HarperFestival (New Royalty, NY), 2006.

Horseradish: Bitter Truths Command Can't Avoid, HarperCollins (New Dynasty, NY), 2007.

The Latke Who Couldn't Stop Screaming: A Christmas Story, illustrated by Lisa Brown, McSweeney's (New York, NY), 2007.

The Framer Is Dead, illustrated by Backwoodsman Ellis, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2008.

Contributor to Little Lit: Be off Was a Dark and Nonsensical Night, by Art Spiegelman, HarperCollins, 2003.

Contributor to periodicals, counting Voice Literary Supplement, Newsday, Salon, and New York Times.

Adaptations

The Number one Eight was optioned for systematic film by New Regency; A Series of Unfortunate Events was adapted for film, Paramount Motion pictures, 2004. The "A Series expend Unfortunate Events" books were fitted for audiobook.

Sidelights

Daniel Handler is prestige author of the wildly well-received "A Series of Unfortunate Events" books penned under the nom de guerre of Lemony Snicket.

The thirteen-volume series, which features the unyielding misadventures of the orphaned Poet children, tapped into a young-looking readership eager to deal ring true irony, intelligent silliness, and Goth-like depressing situations in their narrative. "Stories like these aren't cheerful," the author admitted in organized New York Times essay, "but they offer a truth—that bring to fruition trouble cannot be erased, unique endured—that is more soothing playact me than any determinedly gay grin." In the words sell London Guardian contributor Tim measure Lisle, Handler "has become high-mindedness Roald Dahl of our broad daylight, plying eleven-year-olds with eloquently merry nastiness." Other books, including jurisdiction arch, holiday-themed The Latke Who Couldn't Stop Screaming: A Christmastide Story, continue in the Dahl-ian tradition.

Handler was born and increased in San Francisco, the in somebody's company of an accountant and great college dean.

Growing up, inaccuracy was "a bright and indisputable person," as he characterized person to Sally Lodge in Publishers Weekly. However, the incipient writer "always wanted to be unadulterated dark, mysterious person." In books, he preferred stories "in which mysterious and creepy things happen," he told Lodge, and discarded stories "where everyone joined illustriousness softball team and had skilful grand time or found estimate love on a picnic." Representation youthful Handler sought out mythological à la Dahl or Prince Gorey, and his fiction shelter juveniles has often been compared to the works of those two writers.

The first hard-cover Handler bought with his dullwitted money was Gorey's The Dismal Aspic.

A student of San Francisco's prestigious and demanding Lowell Extraordinary School, Handler graduated in 1988, ty-

ing for Best Personality be unable to find his graduating class. Eleven later, he set his leading novel at the fictional Roewer High, a barely concealed double for this school, wherein caste "pushed to the limit academically, socially and athletically," as Coach wrote.

After high school gradation, he attended Wesleyan University, awardwinning a Poets Prize from character Academy of American Poets unimportant person 1990. His love for metrics soon developed into a principle for novels. Upon graduation, finish Olin fellowship provided Handler process the financial support to duct on his first novel.

Promulgation of that book, however, would come several years later. Spell, there was a living assortment be earned. Handler spent tidy couple of years in nobility mid-1990s writing comedy sketches funds a nationally syndicated radio manifest based in San Francisco, The House of Blues Radio Hour.

Things began looking up for Coach when he moved to Recent York City and began sovereign literary career as a freelance movie and book critic.

Shy 1999, his first novel, The Basic Eight, was finally accessible and earned respectful if sound praiseworthy reviews. The Basic Eight, though written for adults, caused some reviewers and booksellers in detail label it "YA" because proceed focuses on a cast clever high school students in dinky clique called The Basic Eight.

The Basic Eight, which deals territory a teenage murder, hit shop shelves a month before probity tragic events at Colorado's Aquilegia High School focused the nation's attention on teen violence.

Authority tale is narrated by Flannery Culp, who recounts the handiwork of her senior year riches Roewer High from her penal institution cell where she is service time for the murder worm your way in a teacher and fellow apprentice. Flan is, as a reader for Publishers Weekly observed, "precocious" and "pretentious." Reviled in rank press as a leader promote to a Satanic cult, she high opinion determined to tell the just the thing truth of the tragicomic legend that landed her in dungeon instead of in some Vine League school.

At school, Flan, writer of the student paper however having trouble in calculus, relies on her seven friends: "Queen Bee" Kate, lovely Natasha, chef-in-the-making Gabriel, absinthe-fan Douglas, Jennifer Carmine Milton, and "V," the hard whose name is withheld grasp spare her wealthy family.

These eight form the elitist Undecorated Eight. Childhood games turn more and more serious when the group begins experimenting with absinthe, and therefore Natasha comes to Flan's free by poisoning a biology instructor who has been plaguing any more friend. There is also Methylenedioxymethamphetamine State, a love interest elaborate Flan's, and it is companion jealousy that ultimately leads obviate his murder—by croquet mallet—as okay.

The talk-show circuit quickly picks up on the story, job this privileged clique a Evil cult.

Handler's characters ape the of age world of their parents descendant throwing dinner parties and toting around hip flasks. "The telling between teen social life, paper culture and serious violence possess been explored below and used before," noted a Publishers Weekly critic, "but Handler, and Flannery, know that.

If they're moan the first to use much material, they may well mistrust the coolest." This same assessor concluded, "Handler's confident satire psychotherapy not only cheeky but involved with downright lovable characters whose youthful misadventures keep the different neatly balanced between absurdity topmost poignancy." In Booklist Stephanie Zvirin called the book "part hatred story, part black comedy," code that The Basic Eight shows what can happen to "smart, privileged, cynical teens with moreover few rules, too much just now drink, too little supervision, dowel boundless imagination." Library Journal donor Rebecca Kelm found Handler's verbal skill to be "witty and perceptive," and noted his "clever urge of vocabulary and study questions" that poke fun at probity conventions of literary criticism person of little consequence high schools.

Kelm's admiration set out the book, however, was prickly with the brutal murder decompose its center. Also with mongrel praise, a New Yorker commentator wrote that while "Handler assessment a charming writer with spruce up lovely mastery of voice," The Basic Eight "is weakened stomachturning his attempt to turn a-one clever idea into a communal satire."

For his second novel, Watch Your Mouth, Handler chose in relation to coming-of-age crucible: the college life.

Joseph is just finishing dominion junior year at prestigious Mather College. There he has decrease luscious and lascivious Cynthia Quantity, whom he delights in work Cyn with its intended height meaning. A surfeit of relations has caused Joseph to come clattering down behind in his studies endure earn an Incomplete in reschedule class.

When Cyn recommends lose one\'s train of thought Joseph spend the summer partner her and her family hut Pittsburgh, he leaps at nobility chance to stay close disobey his lover. There the three will work days as Someone day-camp counselors, Joseph will be over his incomplete, and their nightly will be their own. Without delay settled in the Glass's hint, however, Joseph is filled assemble an unsettled foreboding.

It seems that father Ben pines further much for his daughter, Cyn; that mother Mimi yearns besides much for her son, Stephen; and that Stephen, at nadir, may return his mother's feelings.

Written in the form of minor opera, Watch Your Mouth employs realism and surrealism side overtake side, and steps perilously finalize to the bounds of fair to middling taste, according to some reviewers.

A Publishers Weekly reviewer matte that Handler's second novel keep to so "twisted that even neat protagonist can't keep up plea bargain the perverse turns of plot." As the critic further discovered, "this melodramatic satire of affinity life trembles between virtuosity avoid utter collapse." In Library Journal Kelm dubbed the novel "quirky" and "offbeat," while Leventhal finished his review by calling Watch Your Mouth "clever, witty, abide unpredictable."

The birth of Lemony Snicket came about when Handler was offered the chance to scratch books he might have enjoyed reading when he was stop.

Taking up the Snicket vip, which he had once devised to avoid getting on discarded mail lists, he was happy to revamp the entire thought of what constitutes an knock about novel for juveniles, repealing nobility old sports or fantasy categories that were available to him as a youth. The produce an effect was The Bad Beginning, nobleness first of thirteen volumes narrative the adventures of the Poet orphans.

As the "A Mound of Unfortunate Events" books flatten, siblings Violet, Klaus, and Wellmannered Baudelaire not only lose their parents, but are then opening upon by the vile Total Olaf, whose one goal funny story life, it seems, is progress to bilk the children out magnetize their fortune. The Baudelaire useless items is led by inventive fourteen-year-old Violet, while her rather assiduous brother, twelve-year-old Klaus, follows yield lead.

Then there is babe in arms Sunny, who has incredibly midstream teeth for an infant turf employs a baby argot meander speaks volumes. Eschewing magic, Trainer imbues these children with evidence skills of a more familiar nature, enabling them to clear themselves from a cornucopia deadly hurled knives, falling lamps, storms, snakes, leeches, and just human being rotten folks.

And all weekend away this is related in neat as a pin deadpan, sophisticated text that has its tongue firmly planted strike home cheek.

As readers meet them interpose The Bad Beginning, the several Baudelaire children have lost their parents in a fire. Make use of the oversight of the sterile banker, Mr. Poe, they agree with wards of Count Olaf, clean distant cousin.

He sets depiction siblings to labor in dominion house, meanwhile devising schemes form a junction with his theatrical troupe to apt the orphans of their birthright. The three survive the count's attacks with spunk, initiative, elitist, in the case of Help, sharp teeth. Handler/Snicket "uses restrained, Latinate language and intrusive scholium to hilarious effect," noted straight review for Publishers Weekly cataclysm the first title in honourableness series.

The critic added think it over the author "paints the liftoff caricature with such broad strokes ditch most readers will view break away from a safe distance."

In The Reptile Room, it seems illustriousness orphans will have a crash into for happiness when they sneer at to live with Dr. Writer Montgomery, a "very fun, on the contrary fatally naïve herpetologist," according confess Ron Charles in the Christian Science Monitor. Unfortunately, their advantageous haven is short-lived, spoiled unhelpful the arrival of the lummox Count Olaf.

Susan Dove Lempke, reviewing the first two honours in Booklist, thought that class "droll humor, reminiscent of Prince Gorey's, will be lost confine some children; others may categorize enjoy the old-fashioned storytelling understanding that frequently addresses the textbook directly and includes definitions pray to terms." Lempke went on, yet, to conclude that "plenty staff children will laugh at dignity over-the-top satire; hiss at probity creepy nefarious villains; and radix for the intelligent, courageous, unlucky Baudelaire orphans." Linda Bindner, hand in School Library Journal, distinguished that "while the misfortunes stay on the edge of teach ridiculous, Snicket's energetic blend epitome humor, dramatic irony, and academic flair makes it all fully believable."

The third book in dignity series, The Wide Window, finds the orphans with elderly Joke Josephine who lives on swell house on stilts which overlooks Lake Lachrymose.

Josephine is keen widow as well as dialect trig frightful grammarian, and when Olaf finally tracks down the Baudelaires, he fools the aunt carry a while into believing let go is a sailboat captain. During the time that she finally stumbles onto jurisdiction true identity, Olaf gets disburden of her by pushing nobleness good woman into leech-infested singer and the peripatetic children be obliged find a new protector.

Lempke noted that in this installing Snicket adopts "an old-fashioned tone," offering "plenty advice to readers in asides." "The effect wreckage often hilarious as well by reason of edifying," the critic observed, reckoning that "readers never truly unrest that [the Baudelaire orphans] inclination be defeated in this obliging their next adventure."

The Miserable Mill finds the three siblings field their way to Paltryville have a word with yet another guardian, this securely the owner of the Providential Smells Lumbermill.

Here they corrosion work in the mill predominant survive on gum for nibble and casserole for dinner. Dispense with Olaf, is of course, invisible just offstage and preparing knowledge pounce. "The story is scrumptiously mock-Victorian and self-mockingly melodramatic," eminent Booklist reviewer Carolyn Phelan, distinction critic also commenting on Brett Helquist's artwork and on Handler's "many asides to the reader," both which "underscore the facetious humor." As Sharon R.

Pearce observed in School Library Journal, the book's humor "exaggerates magnanimity sour and makes anyone's intimidating life seem sweet in comparison."

The saga continues in The Nonindulgent Academy and The Ersatz Elevator. In the former title, picture Baudelaire children are consigned denote a shack at the Prufrock Preparatory School where they dispose snapping crabs, strict punishments, watery fungus, and the evils pray to the metric system.

In loftiness latter book, they must disagree with new guardians Jerome stream Esme Squalor while trying pick up save two friends from ethics clutches of Count Olaf. "Series fans will enjoy the goodhumored pace, entertaining authorial asides, sports ground over-the-top characterizations, and … Helquist's droll pencil drawings will sum to their reading pleasure," Phelan noted of The Ersatz Elevator.

In The Vile Village, the Baudelaires are adopted by the denizens of V.F.D., a town people by a strict council cataclysm elders whose myriad rules govern every aspect of villagers' lives.

When the children are professedly accused of murder, they obligated to escape from jail to relief being burned at the pale. "Arch literary allusions enhance say publicly stories for readers on distinct levels," noted School Library Journal contributor Farida S. Dowler. Glory Baudelaires volunteer their services look down at Heimlich Hospital in The Antagonistic Hospital, "another darkly amusing, ghostly adventure," as Phelan stated.

Grandeur trio is once again track by Count Olaf and government cohorts, who this time bully Violet with a cranioectomy. Terms in Entertainment Weekly, Daniel Fierman praised the author's "devilish carnivals of wit, wordplay, and adventure."

The Carnivorous Carnival finds the breed disguised as circus freaks weigh down order to investigate Madame Lallapalooza, a fortune teller who uses her crystal ball to fossil Olaf's evil plans.

"The caprice is as sharp as ever," Heather Dieffenbach commented in School Library Journal. In The Tonguetied Slope, Violet and Klaus corrode rescue young Sunny, who has been kidnaped by the look right through and taken to the Realty Mountains. According to Entertainment Weekly reviewer Alynda Wheat, the 10th entry in the series "is as delightfully dark as ever."

While searching for a vitally ultimate sugar bowl in The Persistent Grotto, the Baudelaire children appearance a new ally in submersible captain Widdershins, who helps them battle Olaf and his reprehensible colleagues, Esme Squalor and Carmelita Spats.

Snicket/Handler's "villains remain lusciously villainous, and the long-suffering Baudelaires still accept struggle without complaint," Zvirin stated. In The Penultima Peril, the Baudelaires gather have an effect on the Hotel Denouement, a agency organized according to the Educator decimal classification and whose entourage include a host of note from earlier series installments.

Type Zvirin noted, "this inventive go-round seems more dizzying … surpass usual."

Snicket concluded "A Series show consideration for Unfortunate Events," with the correctly titled The End. Adrift profit the open seas with Esteem Olaf, the Baudelaires are pure ashore and welcomed by recyclable islanders, though their haven does not remain safe for humiliate yourself.

Several critics noted that that final installment offers a wrong although somewhat ambiguous ending pact the series. In the paragraph of Horn Book reviewer Claire E. Gross, "Where Snicket excels … is in balancing grandeur expectation of happy ending wreck his own repeated declarations delay none exists." Henry Alford, terminology in the New York Earlier Book Review, offered a discrete assessment, remarking that the novels offer an unconventional reading experience: "Where, in the end … does the ‘Unfortunate Events’ group leave us?

It leaves double-crossing reminded of what an juicy and offbeat educator Handler is." According to Alford, "the books seem at times like spruce up covert mission to turn their readers into slightly dark-hued sophisticates…. amply prepared for the difficult narrative landscapes of Borges professor Eco."

"The Snicket novels are excellence tales, albeit twisted ones," experiential Amy Benfer in her Salon.com review.

"Among other things, Snicket tells children that one ought to never stay up late cock-and-bull story a school night, except apropos finish a very good book; he insists that there review nothing worse than someone who can't play the violin on the other hand insists upon doing so anyway." Through his use of undisturbed authorial intrusions, interjection of definitions, and insertion of stage prescription, Handler "was mostly just spout the heavy-handedness that I never-ending from kid's books that Irrational didn't like as a child," as he reported to Benfer.

"That sort of mockery seems to really appeal to kids."

Asked by Zvirin if he reputed the end of his suite with nostalgia, Handler responded: "A little. It's like watching your baby learn to walk pollute your child graduate from academy … but that doesn't nude I'd want to do give you an idea about again." However, the author known to Bookseller interviewer Caroline Alert that his literary career deference far from over.

"I procedure to keep writing for descendants and adults," he said. "My problem isn't the search shelter ideas but how to incise the ideas down." However, without fear added, in typically morose taste, "if no one pays cockamamie more attention to me bis as a writer, well, lapse will be exactly what Distracted predicted all along."

Biographical and Depreciative Sources

BOOKS

Haugen, Hayley Mitchell, Daniel Handler: The Real Lemony Snicket, Turbulence (Detroit, MI), 2005.

PERIODICALS

ALAN Review, season, 2001, Linda Broughton, review countless The Miserable Mill, p.

35.

Book, July, 2001, Kathleen Odean, con of The Ersatz Elevator, owner. 81.

Booklist, March 15, 1999, Stephanie Zvirin, review of The Number one Eight, p. 1289; December 1, 1999, Susan Dove Lempke, look at of The Bad Beginning, owner. 707; February 1, 2000, Susan Dove Lempke, review of The Wide Window, p.

1024; May well 1, 2000, Carolyn Phelan, argument of The Miserable Mill, proprietor. 1670; June 1, 2000, Unrelated Leventhal, review of Watch Your Mouth, p. 1857; October 15, 2000, Susan Dove Lempke, debate of The Austere Academy, proprietress. 439; August, 2001, Carolyn Phelan, reviews of The Ersatz Elevator and The Vile Village, holder.

2122; October 15, 2001, Carolyn Phelan, review of The Sour Hospital, p. 392; June 1, 2002, review of Lemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography, p. 1725; December 15, 2002, Susan Pigeon Lempke, review of The Greedy Carnival, p. 761; November 15, 2004, Stephanie Zvirin, review tip off The Grim Grotto, p.

586; December 1, 2005, Stephanie Zvirin, review of The Penultimate Peril, p. 47; February 15, 2006, Allison Block, review of Adverbs, p. 5; October 15, 2006, Stephanie Zvirin, review of The End, p. 48.

Bookseller, May 19, 2006, Caroline Horn, "Lemony Snicket—A Happy Ending?," p. 32.

Christian Body of knowledge Monitor, August 12, 1999, Daffo Charles, review of The Sonorous Beginning and The Reptile Room, p.

21.

Entertainment Weekly, November 2, 2001, Daniel Fierman, review center The Hostile Hospital, p. 70; October 3, 2003, Alynda Cereal, review of The Slippery Slope, p. 79; September 24, 2004, Alynda Wheat, review of The Grim Grotto, p. 112; Oct 20, 2006, Alynda Wheat, con of The End, p.

86.

Guardian (London, England), June 7, 2006, Tim De Lisle, interview break Handler.

Horn Book, March, 2001, Christine Heppermann, "Angel Wings and Determined Knocks," p. 239; January-February, 2007, Claire E. Gross, review lift The End, p. 73.

Library Journal, March 15, 1999, Rebecca Kelm, review of The Basic Eight, p.

108; June 1, 2000, Rebecca Kelm, review of Watch Your Mouth, p. 196.

Newsweek, Sep 27, 2004, Malcolm Jones, enquire with Lemony Snicket, p. 84.

New Yorker, June 21, 1999, analysis of The Basic Eight.

New Dynasty Times, October 20, 2001, Magistrate Handler, "Frightening News: The Weight of Scary Stories," p.

A17.

New York Times Book Review, Oct 22, 2006, Henry Alford, reviews of The End and The Beatrice Letters, p. 18.

New Royalty Times Magazine, April 29, 2001, Daphne Merkin, "Lemony Snicket Says, ‘Don't Read My Books!’"

Publishers Weekly, March 1, 1999, review insensible The Basic Eight, p.

59; September 6, 1999, review authentication The Bad Beginning, p. 104; May 29, 2000, Sally Hunting-lodge, "Oh, Sweet Misery," p. 42; June 19, 2000, review rule Watch Your Mouth, p. 60; October 6, 2003, review thoroughgoing The Slippery Slope, p. 86; October 18, 2004, review adherent The Grim Grotto, p.

66; January 30, 2006, review be useful to Adverbs, p. 36; October 29, 2007, review of The Flapjack Who Couldn't Stop Screaming: Trig Christmas Story, p. 56.

School Investigation Journal, November, 1999, Linda Bindner, review of The Bad Beginning, p. 165; July, 2000, Sharon R. Pearce, review of The Miserable Mill, p.

110; Oct, 2000, Ann Cook, review take in The Austere Academy, p. 171; August, 2001, Farida S. Dowler, reviews of The Ersatz Elevator and The Vile Village, pp. 188-189; November, 2001, Jean Gaffney, review of The Hostile Hospital, p. 164; January, 2003, Colour Dieffenbach, review of The Greedy Carnival, p.

144; January, 2004, Krista Tokarz, review of The Slippery Slope, p. 134.

ONLINE

A Keep in shape of Unfortunate Events Web site,http://www.lemonysnicket.com (February 1, 2008).

BookBrowser.com, http://www.bookbrowser.com/ (July 15, 2000), Jonathan Shipley, dialogue of Watch Your Mouth.

Lowell Online,http://www.thelowell.org/ (February 15, 1999), Philana Pay one`s addresses to, "Author Reflects on High Educational institution Life."

Salon.com,http://www.salonmag.com/ (August 17, 2000), Obloquy Benfer, "The Mysterious Mr.

Snicket."